2007.11.01 Åë±Ç 578È£(p370~384)
 
[ÀÌÀ±ÀçÀÇ Total English]
°ÅÁþÀ» Áø½Çó·³ µé¸®°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¡®Doublespeak¡¯
ÀÌÀ±Àç ¹ø¿ª°¡, Ä®·³´Ï½ºÆ® yeeeyooon@hanmail.net
 
 
¡®°£Å롯 ¡®°í¹®¡¯ ¡®´ë·®ÇØ°í¡¯ ¡®³«Å Âù¼º¡¯º¸´Ù´Â ¡®ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °ü°è¡¯ ¡®¹°¸®Àû ¼³µæ¡¯ ¡®±Ô¸ðÀÇ ÀûÁ¤È­¡¯ ¡®¿©¼ºÀÇ ¼±ÅÃ±Ç ¿ËÈ£¡¯°¡ ÈξÀ ±³¾ç ÀÖ°í ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î µé¸°´Ù. ÀÌó·³ »ó´ë¹æÀÇ ½É±â¸¦ ºÒÆíÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­ °ø°Ý¹ÞÀ» À§ÇèÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹þ¾î³ª·Á°í µå·¯³»´Â °Í¸¸Å­ °¨Ãß°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» DoublespeakÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. DoublespeakÀº ¹Ì±¹ Á¤°¡¿¡¼­ ƯÈ÷ ¾Ö¿ëµÈ´Ù.
 
 

°£ÅëÁË´Â ¹ý·ü¿ë¾î·Î´Â criminal conversationÀ̰í, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â adultery¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ºÒ·ûÀº immoral intimacy, È¥¿ÜÁ¤»ç´Â extramarital love affair´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ðÁ¦ºÎÅϰ¡ ¿µ¾î°í ¿ì¸®¸»ÀÌ°í °£¿¡ ÀÌ·± °ÍµéÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ µîÀåÇß´Ù. ¡®ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °ü°è(inappropriate relationship)¡¯´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ±¸¾î¿¡´Â ¡®Her husband is seeing another woman(±×³àÀÇ ³²ÆíÀº ºÒ·ûÀ» ÀúÁö¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù)¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸»¶û¸»¶ûÇÑ Ç¥Çöµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÁ°Ô ¸»Çؼ­ ¿Ï°îÇÑ ¸»Åõ(euphemism)ÀÌ°í ³ª»Ú°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸é °Ñ ´Ù¸£°í ¼Ó ´Ù¸¥ ¸»(crafty doublespeak)ÀÌ´Ù.

My husband and I have been married for 19 years. During this time, he has had a series of what one term inappropriate relationships with women. But I never believed anything sexual was going on. (³²Æí°ú Àú´Â 19³â Àü¿¡ °áÈ¥Çß¾î¿ä. °áÈ¥»ýȰ ³»³» ³²ÆíÀº ¿©·¯ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í À̸¥¹Ù ¡®ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °ü°è¡¯¸¦ °¡Á³¾î¿ä. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼ºÀûÀÎ °ü°è±îÁö °¬À¸¸®¶ó°í´Â ÇÑ ¹øµµ »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾î¿ä.) *term = call¡¤ name

¡®ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °ü°è¡¯¶õ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÊÀ¸·Î½á ¼¼»ó¿¡ ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø °áÁ¤Àû °è±â´Â 1998³â 8¿ù17ÀÏ ºô Ŭ¸°ÅÏ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ´ë(Óß)±¹¹Î¿¬¼³ÀÌ´Ù.

Good evening. This afternoon, in this room, from this chair, I testified before the office of independent counsel and the grand jury. I answered their questions truthfully. I answered their questions truthfully, including questions about my private life, questions no American citizen would ever want to answer. Still, I must take complete responsibility for all my actions, both public and private and that is why I¢¥m speaking to you tonight. As you know, in a deposition in January, I was asked questions about my relationship with Monica Lewinsky. While my answers were legally accurate, I did not volunteer information. Indeed, I did have a relationship with Ms. Lewinsky that was not appropriate. In fact, it was wrong.

(¾È³çÇϽʴϱî. Àú´Â ¿À´Ã ¿ÀÈÄ ÀÌ »ç¹«½Ç ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­ Ưº°°Ë»ç¿Í ´ë¹è½É ¾Õ¿¡¼­ Áõ¾ðÇß½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â À̺еéÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ¼º½ÇÈ÷ ´äÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀúÀÇ »ç»ýȰ¿¡ °üÇÑ Áú¹®, ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ °áÄÚ ´äº¯ÇÏ°í ½Í¾î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Àú´Â ÀúÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ °øÀûÀÌµç »çÀûÀ̵ç ÀüÀûÀΠåÀÓÀ» Á®¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Á¦°¡ ¿À´Ã¹ã ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ¸»¾¸µå¸®´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼­ ¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ 1¿ùÀÇ Áõ¾ð¿¡¼­ Àü ¸£À©½ºÅ°¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áú¹®À» ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦ ´äº¯Àº ¹ý·üÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Á¤È®Çß½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ÀÚÁøÇÏ¿© »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÀº ¸£À©½ºÅ°¿Í ÀûÀýÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ °¡Á³½À´Ï´Ù. »ç½Ç»ó ÀúÀÇ À߸øÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.)

¡°¡®ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °ü°è¡¯´Â ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ Ç¥Çö¡±

1998³â 8¿ù27ÀÏ ºô¸® ±×·¹À̾ö º¹À½ÀüµµÈ¸ ȸÀåÀÎ ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ±×·¹À̾ö(Franklin Graham)Àº ¡®¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³Î¡¯À» ÅëÇØ ¡®ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °ü°è¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀ̶ó°í ÁúŸÇß´Ù. ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ±×·¹À̾öÀº ºô¸® ±×·¹À̾ö ¸ñ»çÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù.

Mr. Clinton¢¥s sin can be forgiven, but he must start by admitting to it and refraining from legalistic doublespeak. According to the Scripture, the president did not have an ¡°inappropriate relationship¡± with Monica Lewinsky - he committed adultery. He didn¢¥t ¡°mislead¡± his wife and us - he lied. Acknowledgment must be coupled with genuine remorse. A repentant spirit that says, ¡°I¢¥m sorry. I was wrong. I won¢¥t do it again. I ask for your forgiveness,¡± would go a long way toward personal and national healing.

(Ŭ¸°ÅÏÀÇ ÁË´Â ¿ë¼­¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×·¯·Á¸é ¸ÕÀú Á˸¦ ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí, ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ¾ðÇàÀ» »ï°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼º°æ´ë·Î ÇÏÀÚ¸é ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¸ð´ÏÄ« ¸£À©½ºÅ°¿Í ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ ¸ÎÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °£ÅëÀ» ÀúÁú·¶´Ù. ±×´Â ºÎÀÎÀ» ¿ÀµµÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °ÅÁþ¸»À» Çß´Ù. »ç½ÇÀÎÁ¤¿¡´Â ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ °¡Ã¥ÀÌ ¼ö¹ÝµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¡°Á˼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ À߸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù½Ã´Â ±×·¯Áö ¾Ê°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ë¼­¸¦ ±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çϴ ȸ°³ÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½ÀÌ ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î´Â °³ÀÎÀ̳ª ±¹°¡¸¦ Ä¡À¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)

   (°è¼Ó)

¡®ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ °ü°è¡¯¶õ Ç¥ÇöÀ» À¯Çà½ÃŲ ºô Ŭ¸°ÅÏ.

doublespeak ¶Ç´Â doubletalkÀÇ »çÀüÀû Àǹ̴ ¡®µÑ·¯´ë´Â ¸»¡¯ ¡®¾ó¹ö¹«¸®´Â ¸»¡¯ ¡®¾Ö¸ÅÇÏ°í ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ¸»¡¯ ¡®¾ÕµÚ°¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸»¡¯ ¡®¼Ó ´Ù¸£°í °Ñ ´Ù¸¥ ¸»¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. °£È¤ ¡®°ã¸»¡¯À̶ó°í ¹ø¿ªÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Àִµ¥ ÀûÀýÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù. °ã¸»Àº ¡®Ã³°«Áý¡¯ ¡®°í¸ñ³ª¹«¡¯ ¡®»ì¦ ¼±ÀáÀÌ µé´Ù¡¯Ã³·³ °°Àº ¶æÀÇ ¸»À» Áߺ¹ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ¾î¿£ ¡®false lie(°¡Â¥ °ÅÁþ¸»)¡¯, ¡®speak all at once together(¸ðµÎ ÇÔ²² ¸»ÇÏ´Ù)¡¯ µîÀÌ °ã¸»ÀÌ´Ù.

¡®ÀÌÁß¾ð¾î¡¯¶ó°í ¹ø¿ªÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ÀûÀýÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù. bilingual(2°³ ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷)°ú È¥µ¿µÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡®°ÅÁþÀ» Áø½Çó·³ µé¸®°Ô ÇÏ´Â Á¤Ä¡¾ð¾î¡¯, °æ¿ì¿¡ µû¶ó¼­´Â ¡®ÀÌÁßÀ¸·Î ´çÀÇ(ÓØëý)µÈ Ç¥Çö¡¯ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù°í º»´Ù.

DoublespeakÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ »ìÆìº¸ÀÚ. identity theft(IDÄ«µå µµ¿ë)´Â unauthorized withdrawal(Çã°¡¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿¹±ÝÀÎÃâ), a criminal(¹üÀÎ)À̳ª a outlaw(¹«¹ýÀÚ)´Â a failure to comply with law(¹ýÀ» ÁؼöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷), firing of many employees(Çǰí¿ëÀÎ ´ë·® ÇØ°í)´Â right-sizing(±Ô¸ðÀÇ ÀûÁ¤È­)À̳ª downsizing(±Ô¸ð Ãà¼Ò), a phone sex operator(Æù¼½½º ±³È¯¿ø)´Â a woman at the other end of the discussion(´ëÈ­ »ó´ë ¿©¼º) µîÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.

¼öÁ÷À¸·Î Àü°³µÈ ¹ÝÀΰ£ ¹ß¸íǰ?

ÇÑÆí Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ Doublespeak´Â ¡®±¹°¡ ¼±Àü ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇØ »ç½ÇÀ» Á¶ÀÛ, ¿Ö°îÇØ ´ëÁßÀ» ±â¸¸ÇÏ´Â ¼Ó°ú °ÑÀÌ µýÆÇÀÎ ¸»ÀÇ ±â±³¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. 1982³â ·¹ÀÌ°Ç ´ëÅë·ÉÀº MX missileÀ» peacekeeper(ÆòÈ­¼öÈ£ÀÚ)¶ó°í Çß´Ù.

ÀÌ °°Àº ¿¹´Â ´õ ÀÖ´Ù. killing(»ìÀÎ)¡æunlawful or arbitrary deprivation of life(»ý¸íÀÇ ºñÇÕ¹ýÀû ȤÀº ÀÚÀÇÀû ¹ÚÅ»), torture(°í¹®)¡ætough questioning(¸ðÁø ½É¹®)/physical persuasion(¹°¸®Àû ¼³µæ)/enhanced interrogation techniques(°­È­µÈ ½É¹® ±â¼ú), bombs(ÆøÅº)¡ævertically deployed anti-personnel devices(¼öÁ÷À¸·Î Àü°³µÈ ¹ÝÀΰ£ ¹ß¸íǰ), assassination(¾Ï»ì)¡æwet work(¼Õ Àû½Ã´Â ÀÏ) µî.

¿Â¶óÀÎ ¹é°ú»çÀü À§Å°Çǵð¾Æ(wikipedia.org)´Â doublespeak¸¦ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Á¤ÀÇÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

The word doublespeak was coined in the early 1950s. It is often incorrectly attributed to George Orwell and his 1948 dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The word actually never appears in that novel; Orwell did, however, coin newspeak, oldspeak, and doublethink, and his novel made fashionable composite nouns which were previously unknown in English.

(doublespeak¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â 1950³â´ë Ãʱ⿡ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ÈçÈ÷ Á¶Áö ¿ÀÀ£°ú ±×ÀÇ 1948³â ÀÛǰÀÎ ¿ª(æ½)À¯ÅäÇÇ¾Æ ¼Ò¼³ ¡®1984³â¡¯¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¸»ÀÌ ºñ·ÔµÆ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ³Áö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ¼Ò¼³¿¡ ÀÌ ´Ü¾î°¡ µîÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ÀÀ£Àº newspeak(½Å¾î), oldspeak(±¸¾î), and doublethink(ÀÌÁß»ç°í)¶õ Á¶¾î¸¦ ź»ý½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ¼Ò¼³Àº ¿µ¾î¿¡ ¾ø´ø º¹ÇÕ¸í»ç¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î À¯Çà½ÃÄ×´Ù.)

One of the central insights of George Orwell¢¥s classic novel Nineteen Eighty-Four concerned the manipulative use of language, which we now call ¡°doublespeak¡± and ¡°Orwellian.¡± That novel tells the story of a totalitarian state in which government agents monitor all aspects of citizens¢¥ lives. The three doublespeak slogans of the state are seen on posters everywhere: (1)War Is Peace (2)Freedom Is Slavery (3)Ignorance Is Strength.

(Á¶Áö ¿ÀÀ£ÀÇ °íÀü¼Ò¼³ ¡®1984³â¡¯ÀÇ Á߽ɻç»óÀÇ Çϳª´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¡®°ÅÁþÀ» Áø½Çó·³ µé¸®°Ô ÇÏ´Â Á¤Ä¡¾ð¾î¡¯ ¡®¿ÀÀ£½Ä Ç¥Çö¡¯À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¾ð¾î »ç¿ëÀÇ ±³¹¦ÇÑ Á¶ÀÛ¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼Ò¼³Àº Á¤ºÎ°ü¸®°¡ ÀιΠ»îÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸éÀ» °¨½ÃÇÏ´Â ÀüüÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡ °üÇÑ À̾߱â´Ù. ¿©±âÀú±â ³Î·Á ÀÖ´Â Æ÷½ºÅÍ¿¡´Â doublespeak·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ½½·Î°ÇÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ: (1)ÀüÀïÀº ÆòÈ­ (2)ÀÚÀ¯´Â ¿¹¼Ó (3)¹«Áö´Â Èû.

Àǹ̸¦ À§ÀåÇÏ·Á´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû ¸ñÀû

Doublespeak is language deliberately constructed to disguise or distort its actual meaning for political purposes: words, that is to say, which not only had a political implication, but were intended to impose a desirable mental attitude upon the person using them. Such language is often associated with governmental, military, and corporate institutions and its deliberate use by these is what distinguishes it from other euphemisms.

(DoublespeakÀº Á¤Ä¡Àû ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÁúÀû Àǹ̸¦ À§ÀåÇϰųª ¿Ö°îÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î³½ ¾ð¾î´Ù. Áï Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÔÃàµÈ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áú »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼Ò±âÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû ŵµ¸¦ °®µµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾ð¾î´Â ÈçÈ÷ Á¤ºÎ±â°ü, ±º»ç±â°ü, ±â¾÷ü¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. À̵éÀÌ °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â doublespeak´Â ¿Ï°î¾î¹ý°ú´Â ±¸º°µÈ´Ù.)

   (°è¼Ó)

¹é¾Ç°üÀº ¡®ÀÚ»ì ÆøÆÄ¹ü¡¯À» ¡®»ìÀÎ ÆøÆÄ¹ü¡¯À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇßÀ¸³ª °ø°¨À» ¾ò´Â µ¥´Â ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù.

Throughout the Cold War both sides have specialized in doublespeak. State communist regimes regularly called their party states ¡°democracies¡± or ¡°people¢¥s republics,¡± and regularly uses Newspeak and doublethink to legitimate their regimes. In the West, the Department of Defense replaced the Department of War after World War II and terms like the ¡°Free World,¡± ¡°independent nations,¡± or ¡°allies¡± have been used to describe repressive dictatorships friendly to the capitalist democracies. A word/phrase that is politically unsuitable or offensive is sometimes replaced with an alternative, inoffensive euphemism, or falsely innocuous. as in ¡°liquidate the kulaks¡± used by the Soviets to conceal its democides.

(³ÃÀü±â°£À» ÅëÆ²¾î ¾ç Áø¿µÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Doublespeak¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. °ø»êÁÖÀÇÁ¤±ÇÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀÏ´çµ¶Àç±¹°¡¸¦ democracies(¹ÎÁÖ±¹°¡) ȤÀº people¢¥s republics(ÀιΰøÈ­±¹)¶ó°í ĪÇß´Ù. ¼­±¸¿¡¼­´Â Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ÈÄ the Department of War(À°±º¼º)¸¦ the Department of Defence(±¹¹æ¼º)·Î ´ëüÇß´Ù. ÀιÎÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â µ¶Àç±¹°¡³ª ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖ±¹°¡¿¡ ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ ³ª¶óµé¿¡´Â Free World(ÀÚÀ¯¼¼°è), independent nations(µ¶¸³±¹°¡), allies(¸Í¹æ) µîÀ¸·Î ĪÇß´Ù. Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀûÀýÄ¡ ¸øÇϰųª °ø°ÝÀûÀÎ ¾î±¸°¡, °Å½½¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ¿Ï°îÇϸç ÇØ°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °Íó·³ µé¸®´Â À§ÀåÇ¥ÇöÀ¸·Î ´ëüµÇ±âµµ Çß´Ù. ÇÑ ¿¹·Î ¼Ò·ÃÀº ¡®ºÎ³ó(Ý£ÒÜ) ¸»»ì(kulak democide)¡¯À» ¼û±â±â À§ÇØ ¡®ºÎ³óÀ» Á¤¸®ÇÏ´Ù(liquidate the kulaks)¡¯¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» ½è´Ù.

ºÏÇÑÀÇ Á¤½Ä¸íĪÀº Á¶¼±¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀιΰøÈ­±¹(Democratic People¢¥s Re- public of Korea), ±¹Á¦»çȸ¿¡¼­´Â º¸Åë ºÏÁ¶¼±(North Korea)À¸·Î Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù. Áß±¹ÀÇ Á¤½Ä¸íĪÀº ÁßÈ­ÀιΰøÈ­±¹(People¢¥s Republic of China), Äí¹ÙÀÇ Á¤½Ä¸íĪÀº Äí¹Ù°øÈ­±¹(Republic of Cuba)ÀÌ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ÀÇ the Department of War´Â 1789³âºÎÅÍ 1947³â±îÁö land forces(À°±º)¸¦-³ªÁß¿¡´Â air forces(°ø±º)±îÁö-°üÀåÇÏ´Â ºÎó¿´´Ù. 1949³â the Department of Defense·Î °³ÄªµÆ´Âµ¥, ¾Õ¿¡¼­ the Department of War¸¦ ¡®ÀüÀZ¡¯À̶ó°í ¿Å±âÁö ¾Ê°í ¡®À°±º¼º¡¯À̶ó°í ¿Å±ä ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

democide´Â ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ´ë Á¤Ä¡ÇÐ ±³¼ö ·ë¸á(Rudolph Joseph Rummel)ÀÌ ¸¸µç Á¶¾î·Î Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÀÚÇàÇÏ´Â Áý´ÜÇлì°ú ´ë·®ÇÐ»ì °°Àº ¹«Â÷º°»ìÀ°(the murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide and mass murder)À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. *cide(Á×ÀÓ¡¤»ìÇØ): suicide(ÀÚ»ì), patricide(¾Æ¹öÁö »ìÇØ) matricide(¾î¸Ó´Ï»ìÇØ), homicide(»ìÀÎ), genocide(ÀÎÁ¾¡¤±¹¹Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °èȹÀûÀÎ Áý´ÜÇлì), politicide(Á¤Ä¡Àû Çлì), bullycide(Æø·ÂÀ̳ª µûµ¹¸²¿¡ Èñ»ýµÈ ÇлýÀÇ ÀÚ»ì), aborticide(³«ÅÂ), insecticide(»ìÃæÁ¦), pestcide(³ó¾à¡¤»ìÃæÁ¦)

¡®pro-life¡¯ vs ¡®pro-choice¡¯

Police and court officers use jargon and terms of art that can be seen as doublespeak cover up corruption or brutality. ¡°Fines on the spot,¡± for example, are bribes taken during traffic stops, though the Blair administration of the British government used the same term genuinely to describe fines for anti-social behaviour. What police call ¡°aggressive enforcement¡± may be called ¡°racial profiling¡± by others. To ¡°pacify¡± someone, euphemistically, is to subdue him by force.

(°æÂû°ú ¹ý¿ø°ü¸®´Â ºÎÆÐ¿Í ¹«ÀÚºñÇÔÀ» µ¤±â À§ÇØ Doublespeak·Î °£ÁÖµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àº¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª ¸»¿¡ ±â±³¸¦ ºÎ¸°´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é fines on the spot(ÇöÀå¹ú±Ý)Àº Â÷·®ÀÌ ¸ØÃß´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ¹ÞÀº ³ú¹°À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ºí·¹¾î ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â ¼øÀüÈ÷ ¹Ý»çȸÀû ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ú±ÝÀ» °¡¸®Å³ ¶§ ÀÌ ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. °æÂûÀÌ aggressive enforcement(°ø°ÝÀû ÁýÇà)¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº racial profiling(ƯÁ¤ ÀÎÁ¾¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æí°ß)À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ´©±º°¡¸¦ ¡®ÁøÁ¤½ÃŰ´Ù(pacify)¡¯´Â ´©±º°¡¸¦ ¡®¹«·ÂÀ¸·Î Áø¾ÐÇÏ´Ù(subdue by force)¡¯¸¦ ¿Ï°îÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.) *racial profiling:Á÷¿ªÇÏ¸é ¡®ÀÎÁ¾¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³·«(ËÈÕÔ)À» ±â¼úÇÏ´Â °Í¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. racial stereotyping(ÀÎÁ¾¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÁ¤°ü³äÈ­)À̶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ƯÁ¤ÀÎÁ¾ÀÌ Æ¯Á¤¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁö¸¦ °³¿¬¼ºÀÌ Å©´Ù°í ¹Ï°í ±×·± ÀÎÁ¾¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æÂûÀÌ ºÎ´çÇÏ°Ô °úµµÇÑ °Ë¹®°Ë»öÀ» ÇÏ´Â °üÇàÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù.

Political groups often use neologisms to frame their views positively and to discredit their opponents¢¥ views. One of the most prominent and heated examples is the U.S. abortion debates: Those advocating restrictions on abortion label themselves ¡°pro-life¡±, seeing the term ¡°abortion¡± or the idea of ¡°aborting a pregnancy¡± as euphemistic for ¡°murder of an unborn child¡± and leaving their opponents, who do not view the human organism as being its own person in pre-natal stages of development, and who see the issue as being not about life or death but primarily about women¢¥s rights.

(Á¤Ä¡Áý´ÜÀº ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ °ßÇØ¸¦ È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϰí, ¹Ý´ëÀǰßÀ» Æò°¡ÀýÇÏÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½Å¾î(neologism)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. °¡Àå ¿­¶í ³íÀï Áß ÇϳªÀÎ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ³«Å ³íÀï¿¡¼­, ³«Å ±ÝÁö¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀ» ¡®pro-life¡¯(»ý¸íÂù¼º)¶ó°í ĪÇÑ´Ù. ¡®³«Å¡¯³ª ¡®ÀÓ½ÅÁßÀý¡¯Àº ¡®ÅÂ¾Æ »ìÇØ¡¯¸¦ ºÎµå·´°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÑ °Í¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù°í º¸±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº ³«Å ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµéÀÌ Àΰ£À¯±âü¸¦ Ãâ»ê Àü ¼ºÀå´Ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Àΰ£À¸·Î º¸Áö ¾Ê°í, ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ »ý¸í°ú Á×À½¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿©¼ºÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿Ü½ÃÇÑ´Ù.)

   (°è¼Ó)

·³½ºÆçµå Àü ¹Ì ±¹¹æÀå°üÀº ¹Ì±ºÀÌ À̶óÅ© Æ÷·Î¸¦ °í¹®ÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¡°Àΰ£ÀÌ °Þ´Â ÀμºÀÇ ¿ù±Ç¡±À̶ó´Â ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ½á ºñ³­À» »ò´Ù.

Using a similar tactic, those advocating abortions reduce this highly charged and highly complex moral and ethical issue in their own way to a convenient sound byte that redirects emphasis to their own concerns by labeling themselves ¡°pro-choice¡±, leaving their opponents, many of whom are women themselves, and who see women¢¥s rights as completely unrelated to what is for them a life and death matter. Members of either side are commonly heard expressing views that the other camp¢¥s self-label is dishonest.

(À¯»çÇÑ ³í¸®·Î, ³«Å ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµéÀº °íµµÀÇ ³íÀïÀûÀÌ°í º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ µµ´öÀû À±¸® ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀÚ±âµé¿¡°Ô Æí¸®ÇÑ »ç¿îµå-¹ÙÀÌÆ®·Î Ãà¼ÒÇÏ¿©, »ç¾ÈÀÇ Á߿伺À» Àڽŵ鸸ÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î µ¹¸°´Ù. ±×·¯°í´Â Àڽŵ鿡°Ô ¡®pro-choice¡¯(¼±ÅÃÂù¼º)¶ó´Â À̸§Ç¥¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ. ±×¸®°í À̵éÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¿©¼ºÀ̸鼭µµ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ±Ç¸®´Â »ý¸í°ú Á×À½ÀÇ ¹®Á¦ ÀÚü¿Í ¹«°üÇÏ´Ù°í º¸´Â ³«Å¹ݴëÀÚµéÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» µµ¿Ü½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ¾ç Áø¿µÀº ¼­·Î »ó´ë Áø¿µÀÇ ÀÚĪǥ¾î°¡ Á¤Á÷ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù´Â ¾ê±â¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.) *Sound-Byte: ½Ã°£°ú Àå¼Ò¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷°ú´Â ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ȯ°æÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¯°æ¿¡¼­ ¼ºÀåÇÑ ¼¼´ë¸¦ »ç¿îµå¹ÙÀÌÆ® ¼¼´ë(Sound-Byte Generation)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

DoublespeakÀÇ Àü¹®¿ë¾îÈ­

Doublespeak has been craftily combined with jargonising by coining outlandish technical terms to camouflage what is meant. The narrowly avoided nuclear explosion at Three Mile Island was a ¡°spontaneous energetic disassembly¡± for Metropolitan Edison. The National Transportation Safety Board called an airplane crash ¡°controlled flight into terrain.¡± A bill collector was a ¡°persistency specialist¡± for the Chase Manhattan Bank.

(»ö´Ù¸¥ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ¸»À» ¸¸µé¾î³¿À¸·Î½á ´õºí½ºÇÈÀÌ Àü¹®¿ë¾î¿Í °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ¾â¹Ì¿î ¾ç»óÀ» º¸¿©¿Ô´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ¼û±â±â À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ¸ÞÆ®·ÎÆú¸®Åº ¿¡µð½¼»ç´Â TMI¿øÀڷ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¹ú¾îÁø À§±ÞÇß´ø ÇÙÆø¹ß À§Çè(the narrowly avoided nuclear explosion)À» spontaneous energetic disassembly(ÀÚ¹ßÀû ¿¡³ÊÁö ºÐÇØ)¶ó°í Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. Àü±¹¼ö¼Û¾ÈÀüÀ§¿øÈ¸´Â airplane crash(ºñÇà±â Ãß¶ô)¸¦ CFIT(controlled flight into terrain¡¤Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Á¶Á¾ »óÅ¿¡¼­ Áö»óÃæµ¹)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. üÀ̽º¸ÇÇØÆ° ÀºÇà(Chase Manhattan Bank)Ãø¿¡´Â ¼ö±Ý¿ø(bill collector)ÀÌ persistency specialist(¾ÇÂø°°Àº Àü¹®°¡)´Ù.)

1979³â ¹Ì±¹ ¸ÞÆ®·ÎÆú¸®Åº ¿¡µð½¼»çÀÇ TMI¿øÀڷ¹ßÀü¼Ò(Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station)¿¡¼­ ÀϾ »ç°í´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ »ó¾÷¿ë ¿øÀÚ·Â ¹ßÀü¼Ò ¿îÀü ¿ª»ç»ó ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »ç°í¿´´Ù. ¿øÀÚ·Î ³Ã°¢¼ö ¿Âµµ¿Í ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁöÀÚ À̸¦ ¿ÏÈ­Çϱâ À§ÇØ °¡¾Ð±âÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¹ëºê°¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °³¹æµÅ ³Ã°¢¼ö°¡ ºüÁ®³ª°¬´Ù. »ç°í ÈÄ 5ÀÏ µ¿¾È ¹ßÀü¼Ò´Â °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ¹æ»ç´É ¹°ÁúÀ» ¹æÃâÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÁÖÀ§ ȯ°æÀ» ¿À¿°½ÃÄ×´Ù. ÀÌ·Î½á ´ç½Ã »ç°í ÁöÁ¡ ¹Ý°æ 8§°³»¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´ø 200¸¸¸íÀÇ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÌ ¹æ»ç´É ¹°Áú¿¡ ³ëÃâµÆ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ ´ºÀúÁöÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐÀÎ ·¯Æ®°Å½º´ë(Rutgers University)ÀÇ ¿µ¾î ±³¼öÀÌ¸ç ¡®°è°£ ÀÌÁßÇ¥Çö the Quarterly Journal of Doublespeak¡¯ÀÇ Àå¼ö ÆíÁýÀÚÀÎ Àª¸®¾ö ·¯Ã÷(William Lutz)´Â Àú¼­ ¡®The New Doublespeak: Why No One Knows What Anyone¢¥s Saying Anymore¢¥ llins¡¯¿¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½è´Ù.

Doublespeak is language that pretends to communicate but really doesn¢¥t. It is language that makes the bad seem good, the negative appear positive, the unpleasant appear attractive or at least tolerable. Doublespeak is language that avoids or shifts responsibility, language that is at variance with its real or purported meaning. It is language that conceals or prevents thought; rather than extending thought, doublespeak limits it.

(doublespeakÀº ÀÇ»çÀü´ÞÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ½Ç»ó ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ³ª»Û °ÍÀ» ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î, ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î, ºÒÄèÇÑ °ÍÀ» Àç¹ÌÀְųª Àû¾îµµ ºÁÁÙ ¸¸ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¾ð¾î´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ȸÇÇÇϰųª Àü°¡ÇÏ´Â ¾ð¾î¸ç, º»·¡ÀÇ ÃëÁö¿Í´Â ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¾ð¾î´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº »ý°¢À» È®ÀåÇϱ⺸´Ù ¼û±â°Å³ª ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ¾ð¾î´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­ »ý°¢À» Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù.)

¿ÃÇØ ÃÖ°íÀÇ Doublespeak

°ñµç ·¡Á¸®»ó(Golden Raspberry Awards)Àº ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ÇØ µ¿¾È Á¦ÀÛµÈ ¿µÈ­ Áß ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ÀÛǰ ¹× ³²³àÁÖ¿¬ µîÀ» ¼±Á¤ÇÏ´Â »óÀÌ´Ù. ´õºí½ºÇÈ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌ¿Í À¯»çÇÑ »óÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ Àü±¹¿µ¾î±³»çÇùȸÀÇ(The National Council of Teachers of English)ÀÇ ´õºí½ºÇÈÀ§¿øÈ¸(the Committee on Public Doublespeak)´Â 1974³â Doublespeak Award¸¦ Á¦Á¤ÇÑ µÚ·Î ÇØ¸¶´Ù ÀÌ »óÀ» ¼ö¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ¡®ÀüÇô ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â, ȸÇÇÀûÀÎ, ¿Ï°îÇÑ, È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î, ±¥¾ÂÇÑ, ȤÀº ÀÚ±âÁß½ÉÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î(grossly deceptive, evasive, euphemis- tic, confusing, egregious, or self-cen- tered language)¡¯¸¦ ±¸»çÇÑ °øÁ÷ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ Á¶¼Ò»ó(ironic tribute)ÀÌ´Ù.

   (°è¼Ó)

Äɳ׵ð ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ Áý±ÇÇÑ ³ÃÀü½Ã±â¿¡ À¯µ¶ DoublespeakÀÌ ¹ß´ÞÇß´Ù.

ÀÌ À§¿øÈ¸¸¦ ¼³¸³ÇÒ ´ç½Ã NCTE »ç¹«ÃÑÀå(Executive Secretary) ·Î¹öÆ® È£°£(Robert Hogan)Àº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù.

Behind the appointment of the committee is a resurgent interest in the content of language. The question is not just whether subjects and verbs agree, but whether statements and facts agree. (¾ð¾îÀÇ ¼Ó¶æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» ºÎȰ½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ À§¿øÈ¸ÀÇ Ãâ¹ü ¹è°æÀÌ´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç°¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´À³Ä°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áø¼ú°ú »ç½ÇÀÌ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´À³Ä´Ù.)

1984³â¿¡ Doublespeak Award ¼ö»óÀÚ·Î ¹Ì ±¹¹æºÎ°¡ Áö¸íµÆ´Ù. ´ç½Ã ±¹¹æºÎ°¡ combat(ÀüÅõ)¸¦ violence processing(³­ÆøÇÑ ÇàÁø), civilian casualties(¹Î°£»ç»óÀÚ)¸¦ collateral damage(ºÎÂ÷Àû ÇÇÇØ), ±×¸®°í 1983³â ±×·¹³ª´Ù invasion(ħ°ø)À» predawn vertical insertion(µ¿Æ®±â Àü ¼öÁ÷°³ÀÔ)À̶ó°í ¹¦»çÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

2004³â ¼ö»óÀÚ´Â ºÎ½Ã ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Ù. ¹Ì±ºÀÌ À̶óÅ© ¾Æºê ±×¶óÀ̺ê(Abu Ghraib) ±³µµ¼Ò¿¡¼­ Æ÷·ÎµéÀ» °í¹®ÇÑ »ç°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ç½Ã µµ³Îµå ·³½ºÆçµå ±¹¹æÀå°üÀº ¡®the excesses of human nature that humanity suffers(Àΰ£ÀÌ °Þ´Â ÀμºÀÇ ¿ù±Ç)¡¯¶ó°í ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.

2006³â 11¿ù26ÀÏ ¿ö½ÌÅϹß(Û¡) APÅë½Å Ķºó ¿ìµå¿öµå(Calvin Woodward) ±âÀÚÀÇ ±â»ç Á¦¸ñÀº ¡®Government is mastering doublespeak¡¯, ¡®Á¤ºÎ´Â ´õºí½ºÇÈ µµÅë Áß¡¯À̾ú´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ Á¤°¡ÀÇ ´õºí½ºÇÈÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â µ¥ Å« µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

In Washington, words are a moving target that conceal at least as much as they reveal. Doublespeak runs through the discourse on Iraq, terrorism and domestic matters to a point where it¡Çs hard to tell what is going on.

(¿ö½ÌÅÏ Á¤°¡¿¡¼­ ´Ü¾î´Â ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ¸ñÇ¥¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ µå·¯³»´Â Àǹ̸¸Å­ ¼û±â°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´õºí½ºÇÈÀº À̶óÅ©, Å×·¯¸®Áò, ±¹³» ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬¼³¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö Çò°¥¸®°Ô ÇÒ Á¤µµ´Ù.)

The libertarian Cato Institute recently took on the rising tide of fuzzy words in the fight against terrorism, arguing that whatever people think of what the government is doing, it would help to understand what the government is doing.

(ÃÖ±Ù ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀÇ ÄÉÀÌÅ俬±¸¼Ò´Â Å×·¯¿ÍÀÇ ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ´Ü¾î »ç¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â Ãß¼¼¿¡ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇϸ鼭, Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÇöÀç ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°¢ÇϵçÁö °£¿¡ ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦ Á¦±â´Â Á¤ºÎ°¡ Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.)

That is no easy task when the administration offers tortured definitions of torture, describes suicide by captives as ¡°self-injurious behavior incidents¡± and labeled at least one suspect an ¡°imperative security internee¡± when it became constitutionally questionable to hold him as an ¡°enemy combatant.¡±

(À̰ÍÀº ±×³É Áö³ªÄ¥ ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â °í¹®ÀÇ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ¿Ö°îÇϰí, ÀÚ»ìÀ» ¡®ÀÚÇØÇàÀ§¡¯¶ó°í ¸»¹Ù²Ù±â¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇÑ ¿ëÀÇÀÚ¸¦ ÀûÀÇ ÀüÅõ¿øÀ¸·Î ¼ö°¨ÇÑ µ¥ ´ëÇØ À§Çå ¹®Á¦°¡ Á¦±âµÇÀÚ ±× ÇøÀÇÀÚ¸¦ ¡®ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÑ ¾Èº¸ ¼ö°¨ÀÚ¡¯¶ó°í À̸§ ºÙ¿´´Ù.)

Interrogations are debriefings. Propaganda is a struggle ¡°for hearts and minds¡±. The estate tax is the death tax. The right to an abortion is the right to ¡°choose¡±. And can anyone oppose the Patriot Act and still be a patriot?

(½É¹®Àº º¸°í. ¼±ÀüÀº ¡®¸¶À½°ú Á¤½ÅÀ» ¾ò±â À§ÇÑ¡¯ ³ë·Â. À¯»ê¼¼´Â »ó¼Ó¼¼. ³«Å±ÇÀº ¼±ÅñÇ. ±×¸®°í ¡®¾Ö±¹ÀÚ ¹ý¡¯À» ¹Ý´ëÇϸ鼭 ¾Ö±¹ÀÚ°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ü ¸»Àΰ¡?)

¡°By corrupting the language, the people who wield power are able to fool the others about their activities and evade responsibility and accountability.¡± Cato¡Çs Timothy Lynch argues in his polemic against doublespeak - an outgrowth of the doublethink and newspeak of George Orwell¡Çs ¡®1984¡¯.

(¡°¾ð¾î¸¦ ¿À¿°½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á, ±Ç·ÂÀ» Èֵθ£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¿ì·ÕÇϰí, Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ȸÇÇÇÑ´Ù.¡± ÄÉÀÌÅ俬±¸¼ÒÀÇ Æ¼¸ð½Ã ¸°Ä¡´Â ´õºí½ºÇÈ, Á¶Áö ¿ÀÀ£ÀÇ ¡®1984³â¡¯¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ÀÌÁß»ç°í¿Í ½Å¾îÀÇ ÆÄ»ý¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý·Ð¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¹àÇû´Ù.)

   (°è¼Ó)

¡®Dead End¡¯ vs ¡®No Outlet¡¯

But nefarious ¡°War is Peace¡± Orwellianisms are not the only impulse at work, by a long shot. Some of Washington¡Çs bland euphemisms are calculated mainly not to offend. Just as Dead End signs have been replaced in some communities by No Outlet ones, congressional oversight investigators tend these days to find ¡°challenges¡± in the behavior of agencies, as they politely put it, and not quite so many ¡°problems¡± - how rude.

(±×·¯³ª ¡®ÀüÀïÀº ÆòÈ­¡¯¶ó´Â »ç¾ÇÇÑ ¿ÀÀ£½Ä ¾ð¾î°¡ Ãæ°ÝÀ¸·Î¸¸ ÀÛ¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿ö½ÌÅÏ Á¤°¡ÀÇ ºÎµå·¯¿î ¿Ï°î Ç¥ÇöÀº »ó´ë¸¦ ÀÚ±ØÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï °è»êµÈ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ¡®¸·´Ù¸¥ ±æ¡¯ Ç¥½Ã°¡ ¡®Ãⱸ ¾øÀ½¡¯ Ç¥Áö·Î ´ëüµÆ´ø °Íó·³, ¿äÁò ÀÇȸÀÇ °¨½Ã´ÜÀº Á¤ºÎ±â°ü ÇöȲ¿¡¼­ ¡®¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦Á¡À» Àû¹ßÇß´Ù¡¯°í ¸»Çϱ⺸´Ù-ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¾ó¸¶³ª °Ç¹æÁø°¡!-¡®¼³¸íÀ» ¿äÇÏ´Â °úÁ¦µéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù¡¯°í Á¡ÀÝ°Ô ¸»ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.) *(1)not by a long shot: °áÄÚ ~¾Ê´Ù (2)challenge: a demand for explanation or justification(¼³¸íÀ̳ª º¯¸íÀÇ ¿ä±¸) (3)£Àº ºÎºÐÀÇ ¹®À屸Á¶: ¡®±×°ÍÀº ºÓÀº »öÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í °ËÀº»öÀÌ´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¿µÀÛÇϸé, (A)It is not red but blackÀ̳ª (B)It is black(,) (and) not red°¡ µÇ´Âµ¥ (B)°¡ £Àº ºÎºÐ°ú °°Àº ±¸Á¶´Ù.

Marketing sensibilities long ago infiltrated, if not took over, the debate in Washington, a progression most vividly seen in catchy titles given to legislation. These are the same sensibilities that, in the marketplace, prompted rapeseed oil to be sold as canola oil and a delicate fish named slimehead to come to the dinner table as orange roughy.

(ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·± °Ç ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ¹Ì ¿À·¡Àü¿¡ ¸¶ÄÉÆÃ °¨°¢ÀÌ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ Á¤°¡ÀÇ ÅäÀÇ ¼Ó¿¡ ½º¸çµé¾ú´Ù. ¹ý·ü¾È¿¡ ºÙÀº Àç¹ÌÀִ ŸÀÌÆ²À» º¸¸é ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀÌ »ý»ýÇÏ°Ô µå·¯³­´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ À¯Ã¤¾¾ ±â¸§ÀÌ Ä³³î¶ó(canola)À¯·Î ÆÇ¸ÅµÇ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº °¨°¢À̸ç, ½½¶óÀÓÇìµå¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ¹¦ÇÑ ¹°°í±â°¡ ¿À·»Áö ·¯ÇǶó´Â À̸§À¸·Î ½ÄŹ¿¡ ¿À¸£´Â °Í°ú °°Àº °¨°¢ÀÌ´Ù.)

Republicans came to power in the 1990s offering the American Dream Restoration Act and the Common Sense Legal Reforms Act. President Clinton pitched his Middle Class Bill of Rights. President Bush this decade defied anyone to stand against something named No Child Left Behind.

(1990³â´ë¿¡ Á¤±ÇÀ» ÀâÀº °øÈ­´çÀº ¡®¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä­ µå¸² ºÎȰÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹ý(The American Dream Restoration Act)¡¯°ú ¡®»ó½ÄÀû »ç¹ý°³Çõ¹ý(The Common Sense Legal Reforms Act)¡¯À» Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. Ŭ¸°ÅÏ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¡®Áß»êÃþ ±Ç¸®ÀåÀü(The Middle Class Bill of Rights)¡¯À» ³»³õ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÃÖ±Ù ºÎ½Ã ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¡®³«Á¦¹æÁö¹ý(No Child Left Behind)¡¯¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºñ³­Çß´Ù.)

¡®death tax¡¯ vs ¡®estate tax¡¯

Republicans pitch elimination of the ¡®death tax¡¯ because it sounds more populist than giving rich people a break by getting rid of the ¡®estate tax¡¯ - the same thing.

(°øÈ­´çÀº ¡®»ó¼Ó¼¼(death tax)¡¯ ÆóÁö¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¡®À¯»ê¼¼(estate tax)¡¯¸¦ ÆóÁöÇÏÀÚ°í ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÎÀ¯ÃþÀ» ºÁÁشٴ ÀλóÀ» ÁÖ´Â ´ë½Å ¼­¹ÎÀûÀ¸·Î º¸À̱â À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. »ó¼Ó¼¼¿Í À¯»ê¼¼´Â °á±¹ °°Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)

Democrats will go to the wall in defense of abortion rights without uttering that unpleasant word, abortion. Instead, they are champions of ¡°choice¡± or, in a less guarded moment, ¡°reproductive choice¡±. (The cause is advocated by progressives, formerly liberals.)

(¹ÎÁÖ´çÀÌ ³«Å ¿ËÈ£¿¡ ¼º°øÇÏ·Á¸é µè±â ¾È ÁÁ¾Æµµ ¡®³«Å¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»À» ¹Ýµå½Ã »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ À̵éÀº ³«Å¶ó´Â ¸» ´ë½Å ¡®¼±Åá¯, ´ú ½ÅÁßÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¡®»ý½Ä¼±Åá¯À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ³«Å±Ǹ®¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇÑ´Ù.(ÀÌ ÁÖÀåÀº Áøº¸ÁÖÀÇÀÚ - Àü¿¡´Â ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚ - ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÁÖâµÆ´Ù.)) *£Àº ºÎºÐÀº [ºÎÁ¤+ºÎÁ¤=°­ÇÑ ±àÁ¤] ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹ÎÁÖ´çÀº µè±â¿¡ ºÒÄèÇÑ ´Ü¾îÀÎ ¡®³«Å¡¯¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ³«Å±Ǹ®¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡æ ¹ÎÁÖ´çÀÌ ³«Å±Ǹ®¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼º°øÇÏ·Á¸é µè±â¿¡ ºÒÄèÇÑ ´Ü¾îÀÎ ¡®³«Å¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»À» ¹Ýµå½Ã »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The wish to be technically accurate was behind the decision of the Agriculture Department this year to squeeze ¡°hunger¡± out of the equation when considering how many people go hungry. Hunger, in the words of advisers whose recommendations were accepted by the department, is ¡°an individual-level physiological condition that may result from food insecurity.¡±

(³ó¹«ºÎ°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±¾ÁÖ¸®°í Àִ°¡¸¦ Á¶»çÇϸ鼭 º¸°í¼­¿¡¼­ hunger(±¾ÁÖ¸²)¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¾ïÁö·Î »©³½ µ¥´Â ±â¼úÀû Á¤È®¼ºÀ» ±âÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ Àǵµ°¡ ±ò·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ³ó¹«ºÎ ÀÚ¹®°üÀÇ ¸»¿¡ µû¸£¸é hunger´Â ¡®½Ä·® ºÒ¾È¿¡¼­ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °³ÀÎ Â÷¿øÀÇ »ý¸®Àû »óÅ¡¯´Ù.)

   (°è¼Ó)

The word should refer to ¡°a potential consequence of food insecurity that, because of prolonged, involuntary lack of food, results in discomfort, illness, weakness, or pain that goes beyond the usual uneasy sensation¡±. In other words, it¡Çs not just the munchies.

(ÀÌ ´Ü¾î(hunger)´Â ¡®Àå±âÈ­µÈ ºÎµæÀÌÇÑ ½Ä·® ºÎÁ·À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Åë»óÀûÀÎ ºÒÆíÇÑ °¨Á¤ÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ³Ñ´Â ºÒ¾È¡¤Áúº´¡¤¾àÇÔ¡¤°íÅëÀ» »ý±â°Ô ÇÏ´Â ½Ä·® ºÒ¾ÈÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû ¿µÇ⡯À» ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÅ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé ÀÌ ´Ü¾î´Â °øº¹À» °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.)

The department reasoned it cannot truly measure hunger because it surveys households, and households do not get hungry - people do. The terms ¡°low food security¡± and ¡°very low food security¡± replaced the old descriptions of ¡°food insecurity without hunger¡± and ¡°food insecurity with hunger.¡±

³ó¹«ºÎ´Â °¡±¸ ´ÜÀ§·Î Á¶»çÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ hunger¸¦ »ç½Ç´ë·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í º¯¸íÇß´Ù. ±¾´Â »ç¶÷Àº À־ ±¾´Â °¡±¸´Â ¾ø´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡ »ç¿ëÇß´ø ¡®food insecurity without hunger(±¾Áö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ½Ä·® È®º¸ °¡´É¼º ºÒ¾È)¡¯¿Í ¡®food insecurity with hunger(±¾À» Á¤µµ·Î ½Ä·® È®º¸ °¡´É¼º ºÒ¾È)¡¯¸¦ °¢°¢ ¡®low food security(½Ä·® È®º¸ °¡´É¼º ³·À½)¡¯¿Í ¡®very low food security(½Ä·® È®º¸ °¡´É¼º ¸Å¿ì ³·À½)¡¯·Î ´ëüÇß´Ù.)

¡®Å×·¯¿ÍÀÇ ÀüÀ°ú Doublespeak

The fight against terrorism brings its own evolving vocabulary and semantic arguments, starting with the question of whether the war in Iraq is part of it, as Bush says, or a distraction from it, as his critics contend.

(Å×·¯¿ÍÀÇ ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾îÈÖ¿Í Àǹ̷ÐÀû ³íÀïÀÌ Àç»ý»êµÆ´Âµ¥, ±× ½ÃÀÛÀº ºÎ½Ã°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °Íó·³ À̶óÅ©ÀüÀïÀÌ ±×°Í(Å×·¯¿ÍÀÇ ½Î¿ò)ÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÎÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×¸¦ ºñÆòÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÖÀåÇÑ °Íó·³ ±×°Í(À̶óÅ©ÀüÀï)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ±¹¸é ÀüȯÀÎÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿´´Ù.) *distraction: something that diverts the attention(°ü½ÉÀ» ´Ù¸¥ µ¥·Î µ¹¸®´Â ±× ¹«¾ù)

The notion of ¡°homeland security¡± was foreign to American ears until the aftermath of the Sept. 11 attacks and formation of a department with that name. Now it is an accepted distinction from the foreign-based military and intelligence matters that come under the mantle of national security.

(9¡¤11 Å×·¯ÀÇ ¿©ÆÄ·Î the Department of Homeland Security(±¹Åä¾Èº¸ºÎ)°¡ »ý±â±â Àü±îÁö´Â homeland security(±¹Åä¾Èº¸)¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¹Ì±¹»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô »ý¼ÒÇß´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â ±¹Åä¾Èº¸¸¦ ÇØ¿ÜÁֵР¹Ì±º°ú ±¹Á¦Á¤º¸¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ national security(±¹°¡¾Èº¸)°³³ä°ú ±¸º°ÇÏ°Ô µÆ´Ù.)

The White House was less successful branding suicide bombers as ¡°homicide bombers,¡± an Israeli euphemism meant to emphasize the murderous nature of the act and deny the ¡°martyrdom¡± claimed by those who blow themselves up. The term hasn¢¥t stuck.


¡Ü 1949³â Àü³² º¸¼º Ãâ»ý
¡Ü Áß¾Ó´ë ¿µ¹®°ú Á¹¾÷
¡Ü Çö´ë°Ç¼³ ÇØ¿Ü¾÷¹« ´ã´ç
¡Ü Áß¾Ó´ë, ¼÷¸í¿©´ë, ÇѾç´ë, µ¿±¹´ë °­»ç
¡Ü úÞ Çѹݵµ ¿µ¾î°øÇבּ¸¿ø ¿øÀå
¡Ü ¿ª¼­ : ¡®È÷Ʋ·¯¡¤½ºÅ»¸°¡¤Ç츣Ãú Á¤½ÅºÐ¼®¡¯

(¹é¾Ç°üÀº ÀÚ»ì ÆøÆÄ¹üÀ» ¡®»ìÀÎ ÆøÆÄ¹ü¡¯-ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÀÜÀμºÀ» °­Á¶Çϰí ÀÚÆøÀÚµéÀÌ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÀ§ ¼ø±³ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎÁ¤ÇϰíÀÚ À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î³½ ¼ö»ç-À̶ó°í ³«ÀÎÂï¾úÁö¸¸ °ø°¨À» ¾ò´Â µ¥´Â ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ë¾î´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±â¾ï¿¡ ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.)

And there is no more ¡°stay the course¡± on Iraq. Bush found himself on the defensive when a phrase meant to convey a resolute stance came to be seen as inflexibility in the face of chaos. The rhetoric, at least, changed course.

(À̶óÅ©ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¡®³ë¼±À» °í¼öÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´ÜÈ£ÇÑ ÀÔÀåÀ» Àü´ÞÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ ¸»¾¾°¡ È¥¶õ¿¡ Á÷¸éÇØ¼­´Â À¶Å뼺 ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀνĵÇÀÚ ºÎ½Ã ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¼ö¼¼¿¡ óÇß´Ù. ¾î·µç ÀÌ ¼ö»ç¹ýÀº ¹æÇâÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù.)

   (³¡)



Copyright donga.com Privacy policy.
email: newsroom@donga.com